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Ethics

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Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals use to make choices that guide their behaviors. [1] It is not always clear what is right or wrong. That's why ethical frameworks is available to helps us make ethical decisions.


Ethical Issues in E- Commerce

There are many ethical issues in e-businesses because usually buyer and seller do not know each others. When it happens there is a chance that dishonest people will commit fraud and other crimes. One of the illegal actions is to create virtual bank that disappeared along with the investor's deposits to manipulate stock prices on the Internet. [1] Unfortunately, crimes on the Internet are increasing.

  • Fraud on the Internet groves even faster that the Internet use itself. Stock promoters can for purpose send positive rumors about the prospect of the company because usually small investors seek for the promise of fast profits.
  • Domain Names are assigned by central nonprofit organizations that check for conflicts ans possible infringement of trademark.[1]
  • Cybersqueatting refers to the practice of registering or using domain names for the purpose of profiting from the goodwill or the trademark that belongs to someone else. The Anti- Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (1999) permits trademark owners in the Unites States to sue for damages in such case. [1]

Unethical Decisions in New Media

Unfortunately, time to time companies are being unethical in order to increase their profits or simply by mistake. For example in 2017 brand “Dove” shared highly unethical imagine (ad below) because no one has realized how customers will see it. According to Meggie Astor, "The outcry to the Dove ad, which was posted last week, was swift, with many social media users wondering how it could have made it through multiple layers of review." [2]

Dove's unethical ad 2017

Ethical Computing Guidelines

  • Avoid causing harm to others when using computers.
  • Do not interfere with others efforts at accomplishing work with computer.
  • Resist the temptation to snoop in other people's computer files.
  • Do not use computer to commit theft.
  • Agree not to use computers to promote lies.
  • Do not use software without paying.
  • Avoid using other people's computer resources without appropriate authorization or proper compensation.
  • Do not claim other people's intellectual output as your own.
  • Consider the social consequences of the products of your computer labor.
  • Only use computer in ways that show consideration and respect for others.
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Human Augmentation: An Ethical Overview

The reality of life demands constant change to deal with societal challenges and capitalize on the available opportunities. The rapid growth of technology provides people with the ability to make these changes promptly and accurately. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and neurotechnologies impacted a new revolution in the world of neuroscience and has equally sparked a public debate over possible implications. Recent findings reveal that neurotechnologies have positive impacts on intellectual well-being, social norms, companies, and education (Jotterand and Clara 24455). Moreover, brain stimulation technology, coupled with the potential application of artificial intelligence, is providing better treatment alternatives for mental and neurological diseases. Despite the benefits, concerns are emerging about the possibility of these technologies being used in decoding people's mental processes, thereby manipulating the cerebral mechanism that underlie their decisions, emotions, and intentions.[3]


Are Artificial Intelligence devices disturbing our privacy?

Facial recognition machines are completely legal. A decade ago the cameras in Bryant Park were installed for surveillance so civilians could find out how busy Bryant Park was. Due to the accuracy and speed of modern facial recognition technology, people have built a dragnet surveillance system. Even though it can monitor our whereabouts it isn’t bad if someone doesn’t have anything to hide. Some benefits are that authorities have used the facial recognition system to track down criminal suspects and find missing children. With this system, we can achieve a lower crime rate and have better control in our community. By implementing a low cost enhancement to locate people by using public camera feeds and facial recognition technology it allows for many problems to be solved. One question: are facial recognition machines legal if it contradicts our general data protection regulation and fourth amendment by exceeding our reasonable expectations of privacy?

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Privacy protection is important so as long as you aren’t involved in a crime then you don’t have to worry. Law enforcement will ensure that the usage of the facial-recognition system does not collect meta and micro level information that can potentially violate people’s privacy. This system helps keep civilians safe. This artificial intelligence device is very well exposed in the street so people can see it in plain view. As for getting consent, BIPA (Biometric Information Privacy Act which was passed in 2008, expresses significant limitations on how private entities can collect and use data. Data will only be collected from individuals who have read the terms of service and gave consent. The third party doctrine holds that people who voluntarily give information to third parties have no reasonable expectation of privacy. But one thing should be included where people should know how low their data will be stored, also have the right to be forgotten and be able to have anonymization access . The algorithmic predictions that will be stored by using big data will only be used for the protection of the people.

We have always lived with cameras watching over us to protect or serve as crime activity information. Facial recognition devices are legal because they are stored in public places and it does not result in an unreasonable search, therefore, not violating the Fourth Amendment. We already use facial recognition to unlock our devices and it is very efficient. It’s online system has scored a 97.25% accuracy, compared to the human benchmark of 97.5%. This device will be efficient and beneficial for our future protection.

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Management Information System:Moving Business Forward, Rainer, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,2013.
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/08/business/dove-ad-racist.html
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32643058/